Abstract
BackgroundBiomechanical risk factors have been identified as the main predisposing factor of chronic low back pain (CLBP), especially in Army personnel. The Job Requirements and Physical Demands (JRPD) questionnaire has been developed to assess the biomechanical exposures related to CLBP. Examining the biomechanical risk factors could prevent CLBP. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the JRPD into Persian and assess its psychometric properties among Iranian male Army personnel with CLBP.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, the content validation of the JRPD was assessed after translating to Persian. The Persian JRPD was administered to 198 male Army personnel with CLBP, with an interval of 7 days, to assess test-retest reliability, including Cronbach’s α, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimal detectable change at 95% confidence interval (MDC95%). Scores of the Persian JRPD were correlated with the scores of visual analog scale (VAS), Borg’s category-ratio (CR10) scale, general health questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), and physical functioning (PF1 and PF2) subscale of the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) to assess convergent validity using Spearman correlation for a priori hypotheses.ResultsThe Persian JRPD had good content validity evidenced by the higher content validity index (> 0.70). The questionnaire had a significant positive negligible to weak correlation with the VAS (rho = 0.27; p < 0.001), Borg’s CR10 scale (rho = 0.19; p = 0.009), and the total score of GHQ-28 and its domains (rho ≤0.34; p < 0.05); and significant negative weak correlation with PF2 (rho = − 0.27; p < 0.001) and significant negative moderate correlation with PF1 (rho = − 0.35; p < 0.001), thus confirming the priori hypotheses (89%, 8/9). The internal consistency and ICC (α = 0.91; ICC = 0.80) were highly adequate, with SEM and MDC95% of 7.91 and 21.3 respectively.ConclusionsThe JRPD was successfully adapted into Persian and had adequate psychometric properties in terms of content and convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. The questionnaire is found useable to assess the CLBP-related biomechanical exposures in Iranian male Army personnel.
Highlights
Biomechanical risk factors have been identified as the main predisposing factor of chronic low back pain (CLBP), especially in Army personnel
Assessment of psychometric properties The present study examined the psychometric properties of Persian Job Requirements and Physical Demands (JRPD), including the floor/ceiling effects, content and convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability
The results of the study suggest that the Persian version of the JRPD is a valid and reliable questionnaire when tested among a sample of Iranian male Army personnel with CLBP
Summary
Biomechanical risk factors have been identified as the main predisposing factor of chronic low back pain (CLBP), especially in Army personnel. Examining the biomechanical risk factors could prevent CLBP. CLBP is a multifactorial disorder, and previous studies have confirmed the roles of individual factors, health behaviors, work organization, psychosocial, and biomechanical (occupational) risk factors in the back pain onset and its exacerbation [4, 5, 10]. The LBP-related risk factors in Army personnel are categorized as individual, psychosocial, and occupational risk factors [3]. Despite the critical role of the individual and psychosocial factors in developing LBP, Army personnel are at high risk of developing LBP due to job demands [3]. The primary prevention programs would enhance the performance and quality of life in the Army personnel [7, 14]
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