Abstract
PurposeTo translate, culturally adapt and conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Yoruba version of the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) among patients with chronic low-back pain.MethodsThe English version of the BBQ was translated into the Yoruba language through a process of forward-backward translation, reconciliation and harmonization of the reconciled items sequentially. Thereafter, Cronbach’s Alpha, Intra-Class Correlation (ICC), Bland-Altman’s analysis were used to determine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and limits of agreement of the Yoruba version of the BBQ (BBQ-Y). Other psychometric properties of the BBQ-Y explored comprised acceptability, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), convergent validity and floor and ceiling effects. While 119 respondents participated in the validity testing, only 51 of them were involved in the reliability testing of the BBQ-Y. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Alpha level was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents all the respondents was 56.8 ± 8.5 years. The BBQ-Y had excellent acceptability with a global Cronbach Alpha score of 0.71. The SEM and MDC of the BBQ-Y were 2.3 and 6.4. The BBQ-Y ICC score for test-retest was 0.89, while the Bland-Altman analysis showing limits of agreements for the test-retest reliability were − 6.84 and 5.70. The convergent validity of the BBQ-Y showed a weak correlation (r = 0.273, p = 0.001) with pain intensity using the visual analogue scale.ConclusionThis is the first study to culturally adapt the BBY-Y and determined its psychometric properties. The BBQ-Y has adequate psychometric properties and it is an appropriate outcome measure for use among Yoruba speaking patients with chronic low-back pain.
Highlights
Low-back-pain (LBP) is among the most costly health care disorders with daily rising costs [1]
A total of 119 respondents chronic LBP defined as having LBP of not less than 3 months consented for the validity testing of the Yoruba translated version of the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ), only 51 of them took part in the test-retest phase of the psychometric testing
Item by Item Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) values was significant for the Translated yoruba BBQ (BBQ-Y) (p < 0.001) (Table 2)
Summary
Low-back-pain (LBP) is among the most costly health care disorders with daily rising costs [1]. Costs associated with LBP comprise direct medical (health-care), indirect (work absenteeism or productivity loss), and direct nonmedical (transportation to meet up with hospital appointments, visits to complementary and alternative practitioners) costs [2]. LBP has become an economic and social burden worldwide and a frequent reason for hospital visits [3]. LBP ranks among the top ten conditions responsible for the highest rates of disabilityadjusted life-years worldwide [4]. For most cases of LBP, the patho-anatomical diagnosis is evasive [5]. There is increasing consensus that LBP should be viewed from a bio-psychosocial perspective [6, 7]
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