Abstract
The subject of this study, Jón Arason, the last Catholic bishop of Iceland until the modern era, was executed with his two sons in 1550. His legacy is ambiguous; venerated in a Lutheran country as a nationalist hero, but also described by some commentators as illiterate, yet revered by others as the greatest poet of his age. The article will examine this legacy in light of contemporary evidence in order to demonstrate that Arason's life exemplifies much about an overlooked aspect of the Reformation on the fringes of Europe. In addition, because of Iceland's position as part of the Norwegian kingdom under Danish rule, Arason's career exemplifies much about the growth of the modern state. Although a bishop, he provides an interesting example of a medieval chieftain's struggle against the form of direct rule that was an inevitable feature of the developing modern empire.
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