Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained attraction not only in the field of regenerative medicine but also in the field of autoimmune disease therapies or organ transplantation due to their immunoregulatory and/or immunosuppressive features. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune reactions by promoting antigen-specific T cell activation. In this study, we investigated the effect of human jaw periosteal progenitor cells (JPCs) seeded in beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds on monocyte-derived DC differentiation. Significantly lower numbers of differentiated DCs were observed in the presence of normal (Co) and osteogenically induced (Ob) JPCs-seeded β-TCP constructs. Gene expression analysis revealed significantly lower interleukin-12 subunit p35 (IL-12p35) and interleukin-12 receptor beta 2 (IL-12Rβ2) and pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in DCs under Ob conditions, while interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene levels were significantly increased. Furthermore, in the presence of JPCs-seeded β-TCP constructs, interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene expression was significantly induced in DCs, particularly under Ob conditions. Analysis of DC protein levels shows that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was significantly upregulated in coculture groups. Our results indicate that undifferentiated and osteogenically induced JPCs-seeded β-TCP constructs have an overall inhibitory effect on monocyte-derived DC maturation.
Highlights
Stem cell-based tissue engineering (TE) is a promising strategy for bone tissue regeneration, overcoming drawbacks associated with bone autografting such as complex surgical procedures, limited availability, and high costs [1,2]
We investigated the effect of human jaw periosteal progenitor cells (JPCs) seeded in beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds on monocyte-derived Dendritic cells (DCs) differentiation
To investigate the effects of JPCs-seeded β-TCP constructs on DC maturation, cell-seeded scaffolds were cultured under untreated (Co) and osteogenic conditions (Ob) for 14 days
Summary
Stem cell-based tissue engineering (TE) is a promising strategy for bone tissue regeneration, overcoming drawbacks associated with bone autografting such as complex surgical procedures, limited availability, and high costs [1,2]. In bone TE, MSCs isolated from bone marrow and other tissues possess the ability of multipotent differentiation capacity and promote tissue homeostasis, metabolism, growth, and repair. Periosteum-derived cells can be a source of stem cells with great potential for bone and cartilage repair [3,4,5,6,7]. Compared to other skeletal stem cells, human jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) could represent the most suitable stem cell source in the field of oral bone regeneration. We optimized cell culture conditions, biomaterials, and detection methods for the mineralization potential of JPCs in order to move further step by step towards bone regenerative clinical applications [8,9,10,11,12,13]
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