Abstract
During the measles epidemic periods in 1999-2003, a research group elaborated a method of estimating vaccination coverage. The objective of cumulative vaccination coverage (CVC) was to estimate the age of vaccine completion for vaccine targets in an age cohort. From randomly selected children of an age cohort, vaccine records including the date of birth and date of vaccine administration were retrieved, allowing for the calculation of the age of vaccine targets. By acquiring this information, it is possible to derive vaccination trends by age. According to the literature, CVC is now more widely applied and is used for monitoring delays of vaccination due to changes of the vaccine administration schedule and schedule interaction when newly-introduced vaccines are implemented. Although CVC is rather costly because it requires random sampling, we conclude that it is a useful method for estimating herd immunity.
Highlights
Assessing vaccination coverage is an essential part of evaluating a vaccination program
4) By accumulating the age of vaccine targets, vaccination trends by age can be derived from the children who are randomly selected from an age cohort
The 41 original articles examined the following target vaccines (10 articles covered more than one vaccine): MR (12 articles), Bacille de Calmette et Guérin (BCG) (11 articles), measles-containing vaccine (MCV) (10 articles), Oral polio vaccine (OPV) (10 articles), Japanese Encephalitis (5 articles), Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus vaccine (5 articles), Rubella vaccine (4 articles)
Summary
Assessing vaccination coverage is an essential part of evaluating a vaccination program. The numerator is the number of children vaccinated within a certain time period, usually the fiscal year. The measurement of vaccine coverage is the numerator over the denominator. A vaccination monitoring method named “Cumulative Vaccination Coverage” (CVC) was devised. We first review Japan’s vaccination services and the past measles epidemics of 1999-2003 and introduce the structure of the CVC calculation method and its wider application to the monitoring of vaccination services. We conclude that it is a useful method for estimating herd immunity
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