Japan in the New Lunar Space Race

Abstract

The United States and China draw the most attention in the new lunar space race. But other spacefaring countries are also important to its peaceful evolution. In this paper, we focus on the activities of one of the world's preeminent space powers, which remains underappreciated in academic and policy circles concerned with the lunar landscape—Japan. We provide an overview of Japan's changed law and policy context and illuminate the historical, international, and institutional trajectories that are positioning Japan's role in the unfolding competition over celestial bodies. We conclude with the broader significance of Japan's activities for prosperity, stability, and leadership in the international space order.