Abstract
Prevence aterosklerĂłzy je vĂ˝zva pro kardiologii a preventivnĂ medicĂnu ve 21. stoletĂ. AterosklerotickĂĄ vaskulĂĄrnĂ nemoc se nenĂĄpadnÄ vyvĂjĂ po desetiletĂ, manifestuje se akutnĂmi nebo chronickĂ˝mi symptomy, kterĂŠ vĹždy ohroĹžujĂ jejich nositele na ĹživotÄ. Charakter epidemie nabyla aĹž v polovinÄ 20. stoletĂ, a to nejdĹĂve v zemĂch s nejvyĹĄĹĄĂ ekonomickou ĂşrovnĂ. Proto se hledaly novĂŠ formy ĂşÄinnĂŠ prevence a lĂŠÄby, coĹž bylo podmĂnÄno dostateÄnĂ˝mi poznatky o etiopatogenezi nemoci a zpĹŻsobech jejĂho ĹĄĂĹenĂ. Jako u jinĂ˝ch chronickĂ˝ch ne-infekÄnĂch chorob vznikĂĄ aterosklerĂłza multifaktoriĂĄlnĂ interakcĂ genetickĂŠ vĂ˝bavy osoby s obecnĂ˝mi zdroji. Ty zpĹŻsobily, Ĺže problematika se netĂ˝kĂĄ pouze nemocnĂŠho individua, ale pĹedevĹĄĂm celĂŠ nemocnĂŠ populace. VĂ˝zkumnĂŠ priority se bÄhem let mÄnily od popisnĂ˝ch, prevalenÄnĂch studiĂ k otĂĄzkĂĄm zĂĄkladnĂho vĂ˝zkumu, ovÄĹovĂĄnĂ kauzality rizikovĂ˝ch faktorĹŻ a hledĂĄnĂ metodiky ĂşÄinnĂŠ prevence v klinice a v laboratoĹi a v sociĂĄlnĂ a ekonomickĂŠ oblasti.MasovĂ˝ vĂ˝skyt choroby v populaci je zapĹĂÄinÄn faktory ĹživotnĂho stylu a rizikovĂ˝mi faktory, kterĂŠ jsou spoleÄnĂŠ pro vĹĄechny klinickĂŠ formy choroby - ischemickĂĄ choroba srdeÄnĂ, diabetes mellitus, cĂŠvnĂ mozkovĂĄ pĹĂhoda, aterosklerotickĂĄ aneurysmata aorty a stenĂłzy karotid nebo renĂĄlnĂch tepen. Ăprava tÄchto faktorĹŻ prokazatelnÄ sniĹžuje morbiditu i mortalitu na aterosklerotickou vaskulĂĄrnĂ nemoc a pĹidruĹženĂŠ stavy, jako je hypertenze a diabetes 2. typu.
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