Jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) Peel as a Sustainable Source of Anthocyanins and Ellagitannins Delivered by Phospholipid Vesicles for Alleviating Oxidative Stress in Human Keratinocytes.

Ines Castangia,Mohamad Allaw,Maria Manconi,Daniel Granato,Maria Letizia Manca,Jarkko Hellström

doi:10.3390/molecules26216697

Abstract

The Brazilian berry scientifically known as jabuticaba is a fruit covered by a dark purple peel that is still rich in bioactives, especially polyphenols. Considering that, this work was aimed at obtaining an extract from the peel of jabuticaba fruits, identifying its main components, loading it in phospholipid vesicles specifically tailored for skin delivery and evaluating their biological efficacy. The extract was obtained by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), which is considered an easy and low dissipative method, and it was rich in polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids (ortho-diphenols and condensed tannins), anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside) and gallic acid, which were responsible for the high antioxidant activity detected using different colorimetric methods (DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC and metal chelation). To improve the stability and extract effectiveness, it was incorporated into ultradeformable phospholipid vesicles (transfersomes) that were modified by adding two different polymers (hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium hyaluronate), thus obtaining HEcellulose-transfersomes and hyaluronan-transfersomes. Transfersomes without polymers were the smallest, as the addition of the polymer led to the formation of larger vesicles that were more stable in storage. The incorporation of the extract in the vesicles promoted their beneficial activities as they were capable, to a greater extent than the solution used as reference, of counteracting the toxic effect of hydrogen peroxide and even of speeding up the healing of a wound performed in a cell monolayer, especially when vesicles were enriched with polymers. Given that, polymer enriched vesicles may represent a good strategy to produce cosmetical and cosmeceutical products with beneficial properties for skin.

Highlights

Jabuticaba, a fruit known as the Brazilian berry, belongs to the Plinia genus, identified as the Myrciaria genus
The lyophilized jabuticaba peel extract was incorporated into transfersomes and polymer enriched transfersomes with the aim of stabilizing the extract and improving its therapeutic efficacy
Polymer-enriched vesicles seemed to be ideal for topical administration and were capable of incorporating the bioactive-rich extract in high amounts

Summary

Introduction

Jabuticaba, a fruit known as the Brazilian berry, belongs to the Plinia genus, identified as the Myrciaria genus It is a black spherical berry with a thin and fragile peel and a whitish pulp that is highly sought after and consumed fresh or in transformed products by local populations. Wines and liquors are produced by distillation or fermentation due to the similarity of the fruit content to that of grape The manufacturing of these products generates a large amount of waste by-products, mainly composed of the peel and seeds, which still contain valuable compounds [2]. The dark purple peel is rich in phenolic acids, flavonols, ellagitannins, and anthocyanins, such as cyanidin and delphinidin glucosides [3,4,5] For this reason, jabuticaba peel has been and still is used to enrich burgers, candies, jellies and other desserts [2]. Its valorization would be beneficial for the environment, as fruit processing units would not need to burn jabuticaba peel; for consumers, as they would consume more natural products; and for food, chemical, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical companies, which could reduce or even eliminate the use of synthetic chemicals in their products

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