“It’s in my Nature” – Subjective Meanings of Repetitive and Restricted Behaviors and Interests Voiced by Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract

Firsthand accounts add an essential layer to understanding the full scope of RRBIs and their expressions in the lives of individuals with ASD. The content of this chapter is based on qualitative interviews held with individuals with ASD. During the interviews, participants described their perspectives about RRBIs that accompany their daily lives as well as characteristics of RRBIs and patterns of change across the life-span. Subjective meanings and reasons for RRBIs were also described at length forming five central categories: (a) Arousal and attention regulation; (b) sensory regulation; (c) emotional regulation; (d) providing a sense of security and coping with unexpected changes in routine; and (e) managing social communication and social interaction. The chapter addresses the central role of sensory and emotional regulation in RRBIs and suggests implication for daily functioning. Mainly, findings highlight the importance of differentiating between RRBIs that interfere with participation in daily life and should therefore be reduced, and those that may assist functioning, and should thus be accepted as they promote participation in everyday life. Expanding knowledge about RRBIs, their subjective meanings, and their positive aspects can help destigmatize attitudes towards individuals with ASD, offer appropriate accommodations and facilitate integration in social, academic and vocational environments.