Abstract
Grain weight is one of the most important yield components and a developmentally complex structure comprised of two major compartments (endosperm and pericarp) in maize (Zea mays L.), however, very little is known concerning the coordinated accumulation of the numerous proteins involved. Herein, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based comparative proteomic method to analyze the characteristics of dynamic proteomics for endosperm and pericarp during grain development. Totally, 9539 proteins were identified for both components at four development stages, among which 1401 proteins were non-redundant, 232 proteins were specific in pericarp and 153 proteins were specific in endosperm. A functional annotation of the identified proteins revealed the importance of metabolic and cellular processes, and binding and catalytic activities for the tissue development. Three and 76 proteins involved in 49 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were integrated for the specific endosperm and pericarp proteins, respectively, reflecting their complex metabolic interactions. In addition, four proteins with important functions and different expression levels were chosen for gene cloning and expression analysis. Different concordance between mRNA level and the protein abundance was observed across different proteins, stages, and tissues as in previous research. These results could provide useful message for understanding the developmental mechanisms in grain development in maize.
Highlights
Seed development in flowering plants is a complicated dynamic process and very important for agricultural production
Its mature seed is composed of three components, the diploid embryo and the triploid endosperm developed from double fertilization, and the maternally derived pericarp enclosed [2]
Hood et al [9] pointed out that the amounts of hydroxyproline and extensin related to pericarp thickness and toughness through the comparison of pericarp cell wall dry weight, whole grain dry weight, total hydroxypoline and PC-1 accumulation in three varieties with different kernel size and pericarp thickness
Summary
Seed development in flowering plants is a complicated dynamic process and very important for agricultural production. Endosperm plays an important role in determining the economic and nutritional value, and supports the embryo at germination [3]. It makes up the majority of the kernel dry matter (roughly 85%), containing over 80% of total seed starch and about 58% of the total proteins [4]. The development of endosperm undergoes a rapid growth phase through four main stages: syncitial, cellularization, cell fate specification and differentiation [5]. Pericarp primarily protects both embryo and endosperm from physical and biological damage. Hood et al [9] pointed out that the amounts of hydroxyproline and extensin related to pericarp thickness and toughness through the comparison of pericarp cell wall dry weight, whole grain dry weight, total hydroxypoline and PC-1 accumulation in three varieties with different kernel size and pericarp thickness
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