Endosperm Development in Maize

Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the genetic and molecular aspects of maize endosperm development. The Zea mays L. (maize) endosperm development is generated by both its importance in agriculture and by the opportunity it affords to study developmental mechanisms. The endosperm of maize is a large storage organ that constitutes 80–90% of the mature kernel dry weight. The mature maize kernel is the result of an integrated developmental process involving both the embryo and the endosperm. The development of the endosperm is focused as it relates to overall kernel maturation. It leads to useful manipulations to gain increased yields and improved quality. The maize endosperm is generally described as having a triploid origin and the development of endosperm tissue in the kernel proceeds at a tremendously fast rate. The rapidly growing endosperm gradually replaces the nucleus and ultimately compresses any remaining nuclear cells to the outer edge of the kernel cavity. Cross-section preparations of the endosperm show the overall structure consisting of irregularly shaped cells with prominent nuclei and nucleoli.