Abstract
Colors are important phenotypic traits for fitness under natural conditions in vertebrates. Previous studies have reported several functional genes and genetic variations of pigmentation, but the formation mechanisms of various skin coloration remained ambiguous in fish. Jinbian carp, a common carp variant, displays two colors (yellow and black) in the skin, thus, it is a good model for investigating the genetic basis of pigmentation. In the present study, using the Jinbian carp as model, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (ITRAQ) proteomics analysis was performed for yellow and black skin, respectively. The results showed that 467 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between the yellow skin and the black skin. Similar to mammals, the up-regulated DEPs in black skin included UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog A (Rad23a), melanoregulin (mreg), 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase5 (tyrp1) and melanocyte protein PMEL (PMEL), which were mainly grouped into melanogenesis pathway. However, several up-regulated DEPs in yellow skin were mainly enriched in nucleotide metabolism, such as GTPase IMAP family member 5 (GIMAP5), AMP deaminase 1 (AMPD1), adenosylhomocysteinase b (ahcy-b), and pyruvate kinase (PKM). In summary, several candidate proteins and their enrichment pathways for color variation in Jinbian carp were identified, which may be responsible for the formation of different colorations.
Highlights
IntroductionColors are important phenotypic traits for fitness under natural conditions in vertebrates [1]
Colors are important phenotypic traits for fitness under natural conditions in vertebrates [1].Skin coloration is the result of diverse pigments synthesized by chromatophores, which is affected by several factors, including environmental, nutritional, physiological, and genetic conditions.Among them, the genetic basis of skin pigmentation is the most fundamental and important factor.several studies have been devoted to examine the genetic basis of pigmentation in animals.Previous studies have found that many biological pathways and genes were involved in the pigment synthesis, including melanin and pteridine synthesis pathway [2].In teleost, several chromatophores have been identified, which played an important role in the formation of variety coloration, including melanophores, xanthophores, iridophores, leucophores, and erythrophores
The iTRAQ analysis revealed that 8064 protein hits were detected in the common carp skin by Proteome Discover (Supplementary Table S1)
Summary
Colors are important phenotypic traits for fitness under natural conditions in vertebrates [1]. Previous studies have found that many biological pathways and genes were involved in the pigment synthesis, including melanin and pteridine synthesis pathway [2]. Several chromatophores have been identified, which played an important role in the formation of variety coloration, including melanophores (melanin granules), xanthophores (pteridine or carotenoid granules), iridophores (guanine), leucophores, and erythrophores Due to its variable colors, Jinbian carp is a good system for studying both sides of its dorsal fin [11]. Analysis was used examine the proteomic variations between yellow skin and black skin in Jinbian carp. The aims of to examine the proteomic variations between yellow skin and black skin in Jinbian carp. (ii) of present study were (i) provide overview of the proteome in yellow black skin; identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) that were possibly involved in yellow coloration;.
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