Abstract
Flight success and accidents rely on the pilot's condition. To date, there is no psychometrically tested instrument to measure the psychological well-being of pilots. This study aims to develop items for measuring the well-being of commercial pilots in Indonesia. The constructs, dimensions, and indicators were formulated through literature reviews and interviews with pilots about their well-being. We develop well-being as a state in which a person feels positive, healthy, prosperous, comfortable, and valued in their work, able to control and contribute to the social environment. The instrument conveyed six dimensions, namely (1) positive emotion, (2) health, (3) competence, (4) recognition, (5) work security, and (6) social relationship. We implemented summated rating scale model (Likert's scale) to write 80 items on a 6-point scale. The scoring was from 1 (never/strongly not agree) to 6 (almost always/strongly agree); the scores for the unfavourable items were reversed. We applied CVI and SCVI methods to examine the instrument's content validity, corrected-item total correlation to test the item homogeneity, and Cronbach's alpha formula to assess the scale reliability. In content validity, we included two psychometrics experts and one well-being expert to evaluate the items' quality via qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative approach, the expert appraised the item's sentence: whether it derived from the indicators, dimensions, and construct, and whether the sentences were comprehended. In quantitative form, the experts assigned scores from 1 to 4, indicating the item's relevance with the construct, clarity, simplicity, and freedom of ambiguity. We recruited 117 commercial pilots via convenience sampling. The content validity testing suggested that 31 items should be revised.
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