Abstract
The Italian Communist Party (PCI) was established in 1921 through a split within the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) orchestrated by Antonio Gramsci and Amadeo Bordiga. Though outlawed by the Mussolini regime throughout the fascist period, it eventually emerged as the strongest party of the left in Italy. At its peak it was the largest Communist Party in the West. It received a great deal of funding from the Soviet Union, largely for organizational purposes, and was often the target of attacks from both far left and far right groups. It can be fairly said that much of post‐fascist politics in Italy was organized around the perceived need to keep the PCI out of power.
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