It's time to regulate: coping with product-induced nongenetic clonal instability in CHO cell lines via regulated protein expression.

Abstract

Clonal instability and titer loss during Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line development (CLD) has several underlying causes, the most prominent of which are DNA copy number loss and DNA silencing. However, in some cases, clonal instability is due to the toxicity of the therapeutic protein(s) that clones express. Unlike DNA copy number loss, which may occur in some clones or DNA silencing that is prevalent in certain regions of the genome, the hallmark of product induced clonal instability is its manifestation in all the selected clones. To circumvent such product induced clonal instability, we have developed a vector construct that utilizes a regulated protein expression system in which the constitutive expression of the target protein(s) is prevented unless doxycycline is added to the culture. We have then successfully used this system to express, at high titers, an antibody for which constitutive expression results in clonal instability perhaps due to intracellular accumulation of the antibody. Our data shows that unlike the constitutively expressed or continuously induced clones, uninduced clones do not display instability. Furthermore, maintaining the uninduced clones in culture for months or subjecting them to freeze-thaws did not have any effects on their titers. All together, our findings suggest that a regulated expression system could be suitable for production of difficult proteins that trigger instability.