Issues of reparative regeneration in vertebrology: a historical review of the studies of apprentices of Professor Ya.L. Tsivyan

Abstract

The review is devoted to various aspects of the reparative regeneration of the vertebral bodies studied in researches of professor Yakov Leontievich Tsivyan and his apprentices. Part of them is animal experiments for partial or complete replacement of vertebral bodies with auto-, allo-, and xenografts preserved in various ways. Other studies are based on the analysis of clinical cases with various vertebral pathologies, but also contain an assessment of the timing of the bone block formation when using auto- and allografts. The decisive factors for the successful outcome of posterior osteoplastic fixation of the spine are described. These are careful preparation of the maternal bed, reliable fixation of the graft, and perfect external immobilization in the postoperative period. The autograft most successfully combines plastic and mechanical properties. In the experimental plasty of partial defects of the vertebral bodies, a compact cancellous allograft is rearranged in the same way as an autograft, but the processes of resorption and replacement are less harmonious and take a longer time. When using preserved xenografts, resorption processes prevail, while the processes of replacing xenografts with newly formed bone are poorly expressed, they are mainly replaced by connective tissue. The review allows chronological tracing of fundamentals of reparative regeneration in vertebrology.