Abstract
青檀是我国特有的第三纪残遗植物,是宣纸纤维来源的重要原材料,现已被列入国家Ⅲ级保护植物。采用简单序列重复区间扩增多态性(ISSR)标记技术,对采自27个地理种群的628个青檀个体的遗传多样性和遗传结构进行了检测。8对引物共得到66个清晰的扩增位点,其中多态性位点63个,多态性位点百分率为95.45%。分析结果表明,青檀在物种水平上具有很高的遗传多样性(PPB=95.45%、<em>Ao</em>=1.9545、<em>Ae</em>=1.5729、<em>He</em>=0.3335、<em>I</em>=0.4980、<em>Hb=</em>0.3437)。在种群水平上的遗传多样性(PPB=69.98%、<em>Ao</em>=1.6998、<em>Ae</em>=1.4449、<em>He</em>=0.2561、<em>I</em>=0.3793、<em>Hb=</em>0.2656)和种群间遗传分化水平(<em>Gst</em>=0.23,<em>Ф<sub>ST</sub></em>=0.25)均处于中等水平。华北地区(30°-42°N)和华南地区(22°-30° N)青檀的遗传多样性和遗传结构的差异并不显著。古老的起源历史、较广的分布范围、异交的繁育系统、风媒种子、长命的生活史以及华南和华北地形和植被的差异可能是导致青檀目前遗传格局的主要原因。结合叶绿体序列(cpDNA)序列的遗传结构特征对青檀的保护策略进行了探讨。
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