Isotretinoin for acne vulgaris.

Abstract

The clinical efficacy of oral isotretinoin in the treatment of severe acne is now well established and so are the clinical and laboratory adverse effects of the drug. Isotretinoin was first introduced in Saudi Arabia late in 1987. In this 7-year retrospective study, efficacy and side effects of isotretiunoin are reviewed in Saudi patients with acne vulgaris seen in a university skin clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 262 patients had been treated with isotretinoin. Their case records were studied with reference to demographic data, clinical findings, dosage of isotretinoin, response to the drug, and the prevalence and severity of clinical and laboratory adverse effects. Only 156 case records (69.9% women) could be evaluated. Most patients received 0.60 to 0.75 mg of isotretinoin per kg per day for a period ranging from 16 to 35 weeks (mean +/- SD: 21.2 +/- 3.3 weeks); a total cumulative dose of 75 to 146 mg per kg (mean +/- SD: 104 +/- 10.6 mg per kg). Approximately 56% of the patients had therapy-resistant moderate acne and only 14% had nodulocystic acne. Of the patients, 90.4% had an excellent response and 3.8% were poor responders. Adverse effects occurred in 99% of the patients, but in no case did they lead to discontinuation of the drug. Except for minor differences in prevalence, the clinical side effects were similar to those reported in the literature. Elevation of plasma triglyceride levels was the most significant laboratory adverse effect. This is the first report on the experience with isotretinoin in the treatment of acne in the Middle East. Moderate doses of isotretinoin are well tolerated and produce excellent results in Saudi patients with acne.