Abstract
Stable isotopes (2H, 18O) in the water cycle can carry all the information about the movement of water molecules, their ratio different from one place to another in rainfall. Stable isotopes are the function of evaporation, relative humidity, temperature and different longitude, latitude and altitude. On this base. A total of 28 water sample (20 samples were analyzed for major ions and 8 samples for stable isotopes) were collected for two periods to study the origin and the type of groundwater in the area between Lesser Zab and the Tigris river The Results indicated that groundwater samples in the study area are brackish saline water and excessively mineralized water. The average groundwater was classified as Mg-Na-Calcium: Cl-Sulfate for two periods. The groundwater samples represent earth alkali with privilege sulfate and chloride according to the piper diagram. The mean values of 18H and 2O in the groundwater sample are -27.7 and -4.9, respectively for the dry period, and -29.8 and -5.2, respectively, for the wet period. The d-excess varies significantly depending on the humidity and temperature at the vapor source. Isotopic analysis of 2H -18O for groundwater in the study area shows that the origin of groundwater in the study area is of meteoric origin from global source and rain from a local source. The downward shifting of the regression line on the 2H-18O diagram indicates that the samples have undergone evaporation events.
Highlights
In the last decades, groundwater starts to play a vital role in arid and semi-arid regions to sustain economic development and to ensure water security for rural communities(Liu et al, 2015)
Isotopic analysis of 2H -18O for groundwater in the study area shows that the origin of groundwater in the study area is of meteoric origin from global source and rain from a local source
The groundwater flow direction trend is from the north eastern part to the south west in the study area following the topography of the area
Summary
Groundwater starts to play a vital role in arid and semi-arid regions to sustain economic development and to ensure water security for rural communities(Liu et al, 2015). Groundwater is affected by many ecological processes that might cause groundwater disruption. A sustainable groundwater strategy plan and deep understanding of the geochemical evolution of groundwater is needed in order to guarantee the sustainability of groundwater (Fu et al, 2018). Groundwater characteristics can be utilized in addressing different geochemical problems, where the groundwater contains many soluble minerals derived from several factors such as the interaction between rocks and water (Awadh et al, 2016) and soluble product of rock weathering. Hydrochemistry plays a key role to understand groundwater management (Ali et al, 2021). Physio-chemical parameter is of great important to assess the groundwater quality
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