Abstract
The chemistry of isothiazoles is being intensively developed, which is evidenced by the wide range of selective transformations involving the isothiazole heterocycle and the high biological activity of its derivatives that can be used as effective new drugs and plant protection chemicals. Some representatives of isothiazoles have proven to be synergists of bioactive substances, which opens the way to lower the doses of drugs used and is especially important in cancer chemotherapy. In the framework of the present review, the accomplishments in the chemistry of isothiazoles over the past 18 years are examined, whilst current strategies for the synthesis of isothiazole-containing molecules and key directions of studies in this field of heterocyclic chemistry are discussed. Considerable attention is paid to chlorinated isothiazoles and strategies for their use in the synthesis of biologically active substances. In addition, a comprehensive review of existing literature in the field of metal complexes of isothiazoles is given, including the results and prospects for the practical use of isothiazole–metal complexes as catalysts for cross-coupling reactions in aqueous and aqueous–alcoholic media (‘green chemistry’).1 Introduction2 Synthesis by Ring-Forming Reactions2.1 Intramolecular Cyclization2.2 (4+1)-Heterocyclization2.3 (3+2)-Heterocyclization2.4 Syntheses by Ring Transformations3 Isothiazoles by Ring Functionalization Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitution, Cross-Coupling and Side-Chain Functionalization4 Selected Syntheses of Biologically Active Isothiazole Derivatives5 Isothiazoles in the Synthesis of Transition-Metal Complexes and in Metal-Complex Catalysis6 Conclusion
Highlights
2 Synthesis by Ring-Forming Reactions 2.1 Intramolecular Cyclization 2.2 (4+1)-Heterocyclization 2.3 (3+2)-Heterocyclization 2.4 Syntheses by Ring Transformations 3 Isothiazoles by Ring Functionalization Reactions: NucleophilicSubstitution, Cross-Coupling and Side-Chain Functionalization 4 Selected Syntheses of Biologically Active Isothiazole Derivatives 5 Isothiazoles in the Synthesis of Transition-Metal Complexes and in Metal-Complex Catalysis
The search for new chemical compounds with useful properties and the development of rational ways to synthesize them are priority tasks in chemical science, with the synthesis of biologically active chemical compounds for medicine and agriculture being of particular importance
This does not impede the use of the isothiazole nucleus in the creation of a wide variety of bioactive substances; for example, compounds exhibiting anti-poliovirus activity have been synthesized.[5]
Summary
The search for new chemical compounds with useful properties and the development of rational ways to synthesize them are priority tasks in chemical science, with the synthesis of biologically active chemical compounds for medicine and agriculture being of particular importance. He is currently a postdoctoral researcher at the Department of Organic Chemistry at RUDN University (Russia) His current scientific interests include the development of novel synthetic methodologies in the field of heterocyclic chemistry, the synthesis and study of metal complexes with substituted isothiazoles and isoxazoles, and the synthesis of novel heterocyclic substances with high potential for practical applications. From 2001 until present, he has worked as a docent at the Organic Chemistry Department of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia His scientific interests include cycloaddition reactions, transformations of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles, and total synthesis. His scientific interests include heterocyclic chemistry, the synthesis and study of biologically active compounds, and metal complexes of isothiazoles and isoxazoles and their properties. The available information on metal complexes with isothiazole ligands is considered in the final part of the literature review, and will, in our opinion, provide a comprehensive picture of developments in the field of isothiazole metal complexes, including information that has escaped the attention of other authors for one reason or another
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