Isomer-Specific Transplacental Transfer of Perfluoroalkyl Acids: Results from a Survey of Paired Maternal, Cord Sera, and Placentas

Abstract

Currently, information regarding isomer-specific concentrations of PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA in human placenta, and corresponding placental-maternal ratios (RPM) of these compounds does not exist. The objective of the present study was to assess the occurrence, and distribution of different PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA isomers in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, and placenta to gain a better understanding of transplacental transport efficiency and prenatal exposure risks. The study involved quantitative determination of isomer-specific concentrations of PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA in samples of maternal serum (n = 32), cord serum (n = 32), and placenta (n = 32) from pregnant women in Wuhan, China. The results indicate that both linear and branched PFHxS, PFOS and PFOA can be efficiently transported across the placenta, with exposure levels ordered maternal serum > cord serum > placenta. For PFOS isomers, the concentration ratios between cord serum and maternal serum (RCM) were ordered n < iso < 4m < (3 + 5)m < 1m < ∑m2. The RPM values exhibited a similar trend for branched PFOS isomers: iso < 4m ≈ (3 + 5)m < 1m ≈ ∑m2. Conversely, PFOA isomers did not exhibit an obvious structure-activity relationship for RCM and RPM. n-PFHxS transported across the placenta to a greater extent than br-PFHxS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA isomers in human placenta. Further, RPM values of these compounds are reported here for the first time. The findings help to better understand the mechanisms of the placental transfer and neonatal exposure to these important contaminants of concern.