Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging condition that increases the risk of spreading and prolonging infectious diseases globally. Therefore, a new alternative strategy for antibiotics is required urgently to control pathogens spreading. Probiotics are considered as an alternative for antibiotics that inhibit pathogens. In the present study, potent lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated and screened for their probiotic characteristics and antagonistic activity against intestinal pathogens by agar well diffusion, Time and Dose-dependent killing assay, minimum inhibitor, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC), and co-culture methods. The Lactococcus lactis RWP-3 and RWP-7 fermented the different carbohydrate substrates and produced different extracellular enzymes. Both isolates showed significant tolerant capability in the gastric, duodenal, and intestinal juices. In addition, RWP-3 and RWP-7 had hydrophobicity and aggregation properties in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the cell-free secondary metabolites (CFS) of RWP-3 and RWP-7 showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis. A co-culture study revealed that the RWP-3 and RWP-7 strongly compete with pathogen growths. RWP-3 and RWP-7 showed strong antagonistic activities against tested pathogens with significant probiotic characteristics, suggesting that these strains obtained could be used as an alternative strategy for the antibiotic to control infectious pathogens.
Highlights
IntroductionOutbreaks of infectious diseases have been increased steadily during the 30 years
Outbreaks of infectious diseases have been increased steadily during the 30 years.According to an analysis of 10,643 outbreaks were reported in 2014 [1]
2017 listed the antibiotics required for following pathogenic bacteria which include Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Psedomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp. [3]
Summary
Outbreaks of infectious diseases have been increased steadily during the 30 years. According to an analysis of 10,643 outbreaks were reported in 2014 [1]. Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging issue and it insists to take a greater concentration of antibiotics resulting in negative consequences in the health, environmental and agriculture sectors [2]. Increases in antibiotic resistance lead to increases in the risk of spreading and prolonging infectious diseases. 2017 listed the antibiotics required for following pathogenic bacteria which include Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Psedomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp. In general pathogenic bacteria and their toxins often enter into the human body via food or drinks causing symptoms or illness with a different mechanism.
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