Abstract
Isolation of Cellulolytic Organisms from the Gut Contents of Termites Native to Nepal and Their Utility in Saccharification and Fermentation of Lignocellulosic Biomass
Highlights
Generation of biofuels from sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass is one of the challenging as well as a promising alternative to produce clean liquid fuels
Saccharum spontaneum (Figure 1), a cultivar of switch grass, is a weed that commonly grows in the tropical countries
These isolates have been identified to be Bacillus sp, Cellulomonas sp., Enterobacter sp., Aspergillus sp. and these findings are consistent with the findings reported by other workers in the field [21,22,23]
Summary
Generation of biofuels (ethanol) from sugars derived from lignocellulosic biomass is one of the challenging as well as a promising alternative to produce clean liquid fuels. The challenge comes from the fact that efficient and inexpensive bioprocessing configurations leading to commercially viable technologies are yet to be developed. It is promising because the lignocellulosic biomass is abundant in nature and these sources are renewable. Lignocellulosic biomass is complex matrix with three major components, viz., lignin, cellulose (polymer of beta-glucose units) and hemicellulose (polymer of C5 sugars). Cellulose is a chemically simpler substance containing repeating units of glucose, but complex structurally because of the presence of β– 1,4–linkages (not susceptible to breakage) and its complexing with lignin and hemicellulose[1]. Breakdown of cellulose involves a set of hydrolytic enzymes including cellulases that are responsible for the depolymerization of cellulose into fermentable sugars. The three main types of enzymes responsible
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