Isolation of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from Abattoir Waste Water: A Case Study of Makurdi Metropolis

Abstract

The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the livestock population is strongly correlated with antibiotic usage (non-specific usage), as the selection and dissemination of resistant bacteria are heavily augmented under selective pressure caused by antibiotics. This study, therefore, is aimed at isolating antibiotic-resistant bacteria from an abattoir wastewater in the Makurdi metropolis. The samples were collected and diluted into four folds. One mile (1ml) of the samples each pour plated on Nutrient agar (NA), MacConkey agar (MCA), Mannitol salt agar (MSA), and Eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA) for isolation and identification; and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined using disc diffusion method. The results obtained showed that the mean value of bacteria count ranged from 0.57×10 - 5.94×10. The organisms isolated were species of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Proteus Shigella, and Salmonella. Staphylococcus spp showed the highest prevalence of 7(22.58%), Klebsiella and Bacillus 6(19.35%), Escherichia coli 5(16.13%), Streptococcus, Proteus and Shigella 2(6.45%) while Salmonella spp have the least prevalence of 1(3.23%). Among the isolates, Klebsiella spp was resistant to 60% of the drugs used, while Salmonella spp was susceptible to all the drugs used. This research result reveals that all isolates from abattoir wastewater are susceptible to gentamycin and septrin. While other bacteria Staphylococcus, Shigella, Proteus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Escherichia coli also showed varying degrees of resistance and susceptibility. Therefore, abattoir wastewater should be treated before being discharged into water bodies.