Isolation of an acid producing Bacillus sp. EEEL02: Potential for bauxite residue neutralization

Abstract

Bauxite residue deposit area (BRDA) is a typical abandoned mining wasteland representing extreme hostile environment with increased alkalinity. Microbially-driven neutralization of bauxite residue, based on the microbial acid producing metabolisms, is a novel strategy for achieving rapid pH neutralization and thus improving its environmental outcomes. The hypothesis was that these extreme conditions promote microbial communities which are capable of novel ecologically relevant functions. Several alkaliphilic acid producing bacteria were isolated in this study. One strain was selected for its superior growth pattern and acid metabolism (termed EEEL02). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, this strain was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis. The optimized fermentation conditions were as follows: pH 10; NaCl concentration 5%; temperature 25 °C; EEEL02 preferred glucose and peptone as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Based on optimal fermentation conditions, EEEL02 induced a significant pH reduction from 10.26 to 5.62 in 5-day incubation test. Acetic acid, propionic acid and CO2 (g) were the major acid metabolites of fermentation, suggesting that the pH reduction in bauxite residue may be caused by acid neutralization derived from microbial metabolism. This finding provided the basis of a novel strategy for achieving rapid pH neutralization of bauxite residue.