Abstract
Alternaria species produce various sorts of toxic metabolites during their active growth and causes severe diseases in many plants by limiting their productivity. These toxic metabolites incorporate various mycotoxins comprising of dibenzo-α-pyrone and some tetramic acid derivatives. In this study, we have screened out total 48 isolates of Alternaria from different plants belonging to different locations in India, on the basis of their pathogenic nature. Pathogenicity testing of these 48 strains on susceptible tomato variety (CO-3) showed 27.08% of the strains were highly pathogenic, 35.41% moderately pathogenic and 37.5% were less pathogenic. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of at least eight evolutionary cluster of the pathogen. Toxins (TeA, AOH and AME) were isolated, purified on the basis of column chromatography and TLC, and further confirmed by the HPLC-UV chromatograms using standards. The final detection of toxins was done by the LC-MS/MS analysis by their mass/charge ratio. The present study develops an approach to classify the toxicogenic effect of each of the individual mycotoxins on tomato plant and focuses their differential susceptibility to develop disease symptoms. This study represents the report of the natural occurrence and distribution of Alternaria toxins in various plants from India.
Highlights
Septate hyphae, conidia light brown, Light-green with whitish short conical beak at the tip, surface smooth and septate
The present study reports the molecular characterization, pathogenicity and toxigenicity of Alternaria alternata isolates from different regions of India and their relationship with other formae specilaes within the species of Alternaria
This study concludes that the fungal genus Alternaria encompasses severe pathogenic species causing diseases to various economically important horticultural crops and vegetables in Indian subcontinent
Summary
Conidia light brown, Light-green with whitish short conical beak at the tip, surface smooth and septate. Beak at the tip of Green with white cottony conidia, formation of chain of conidia, longitudinal and transverse septations. Dark brown conidia with chain Grey brown woolly colony formation, transverse and longitudinal septations, beak at the tip. White at the Hyphae branched and septate, conidia margin septate, rounded at the apex. All the morphological characters such as culture appearance on PDA plate, mycelia colour, and conidia appearance were observed and data were collected
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