Abstract
Clove buds and lemongrass leaves were collected from three different locations of India and the essential oil was separated by hydrodistillation procedure. The essential oils were studied for its variation in physical properties and chemical composition. Chemical analysis by GC-MS evidenced that the main components of clove oil (CLV) were eugenol (78.5-87.7%) and caryophyllene (12.3-20.2%) and the main components of lemongrass oil (LGR) were citral in the form of neral and geranial (24.3-83.9%) and (+) camphor (12.07-30.62%). The lemon grass oil collected from Ootacamund hills, Tamilnadu have shown components like Limonene (2.7%), isocamphene (5.1%), endo isocamphene (5.3%), p-cymene (2.4%) and citronellol (1.73%) among which isocamphene and endo isocamphene were found to be new chemotypes. (+) fenchone was present in the range 5.6-7.76% in lemongrass oil collected from two different locations. Isopiperitone (6.23%) and geranyl butyrate (3.37%) were found to be new chemotypes in the essential oil obtained from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Thus the results have shown variation in chemical composition and identification of new chemotypes in both clove oil as well as lemongrass oil collected from three different locations of India which may be due to the change in geographical conditions.
Highlights
Essential oils characterized by wonderful scents are concentrated volatile aromatic compounds produced by various plant sources
It is evident that the Eugenol and the Caryophyllene are the major constituents of the Clove bud essential oil which concurs with the dissertations of various researchers [14,15,16] (Table 3)
Eugenol was present in higher concentration in the essential oil isolated from buds collected from Munnar, Kerala and Caryophyllene was present in higher concentration in the oil isolated from the buds collected from Ootacamund hills, Tamilnadu when compared with other locations
Summary
Essential oils characterized by wonderful scents are concentrated volatile aromatic compounds produced by various plant sources Each of these complex precious liquids is extracted from a particular species of plant type. Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, in particular essential oil, even though determined genetically, is strongly affected by ontogenetic and environmental factors [11,12,13]. Considering these facts the possibility of geographical condition for the compositional variation of essential oils the present study was conducted by studying the physical properties and chemical composition of clove oil and lemongrass oil by GC-MS analysis. The objective of the study is to identify and report the chemical variation of essential oils like clove oil and lemon grass oil with respect to change in geographical locations
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