Abstract
This work deals with the identification of a predominant thraustochytrid strain, the optimization of culture conditions, the synthesis of nanoparticles, and the evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in biomass extracts and nanoparticles. Thraustochytrium kinnei was identified as a predominant strain from decomposing mangrove leaves, and its culture conditions were optimized for maximum biomass production of 13.53 g·L−1, with total lipids of 41.33% and DHA of 39.16% of total fatty acids. Furthermore, the strain was shown to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles in the size ranges of 10–85 nm and 5–90 nm, respectively. Silver nanoparticles exhibited higher total antioxidant and DPPH activities than gold nanoparticles and methanol extract of the strain. The silver nanoparticles showed higher antimicrobial activity than gold nanoparticles and petroleum ether extract of the strain. Thus, Thraustochytrium kinnei is proven to be promising for synthesis of silver nanoparticles with high antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Highlights
Thraustochytrids are important fungus-like protists of class Labyrinthulomycetes and family Thraustochytriaceae
The thraustochytrid strain TSKK1 was identified as Thraustochytrium sp., as shown in Figure 1, according to its size, shape and zoospore formation, when visualized under a light microscope under 4×, 10×, 40× and 100× illumination (Figure 1a,b,d–f) and under a Scanning Electron Microscope (Figure 1c), referring to morphological characters as proposed by [4,39]
The 18S region of rRNA from thraustochytrid strain TSKK1 was sequenced as a result of the final alignment of 1796 bp, which was used for further comparison and conformation in NCBI analysis
Summary
Thraustochytrids are important fungus-like protists of class Labyrinthulomycetes and family Thraustochytriaceae. They are unicellular and heterotrophic protists, abundantly present in decomposing mangrove litter [1]. The thraustochytrids are known to produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are promising for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, especially in aquaculture [2,3,4]. They contain 10–50% lipids, of which 30–70% is DHA [5]. Up to 5% of lipids occur as phospholipids, while 70–90% of lipids are present as neutral lipids or triacylglycerols
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