Abstract
Efforts to improve food security in Indonesia, especially in Bali, need to be supported by improvements in cultivation techniques, including the management of pests and diseases. Legume crops are often attacked by stem rot diseases which can cause decreased production and economic losses. This disease is generally caused by the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii or Athelia rolfsii. The macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of the two species of the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii and Athelia rolfsii are the same and difficult to distinguish, so molecular identification is needed to determine the species. The research aims to isolate and molecularly identify fungi that cause stem rot disease in local legume plants in Bali. Research methods include isolation of pathogenic fungi from legumes showing symptoms of stem rot disease in Bali, pathogenicity test, identification of the highest levels of virulent isolates, DNA extraction, DNA amplification by PCR, and electrophoresis, ITS region sequencing, and computer analysis sequences DNA. The results of isolation pathogens that cause stem rot disease in Bali's local legume plants obtained six fungal isolates coded SKT, SKB1, SKB2 SKB3, SKL and SKN isolates. SKT isolates had the highest virulence rate after the pathogenicity test of peanut plants. Molecular identification results show that SKT isolate is Athelia rolfsii, because it's in a clade with Athelia rolfsii fungi sequences in GenBank with 100% Bootstrap support.
Highlights
Legume crops are often attacked by stem rot diseases which potentially decrease production and lead to economic losses (Devi et al, 2017; Parveen et al, 2017; Parwanayoni et al, 2019)
The SKT isolates were obtained from Klungkung Regency, SKB1, SKB2 and SKB3 from Badung Regency, SKL from Buleleng Regency and SKN from Tabanan Regency
The six fungal isolates were tested for pathogenicity and showed great potential for causing stem rot symptoms in peanut plants, but the virulence levels were different
Summary
Legume crops are often attacked by stem rot diseases which potentially decrease production and lead to economic losses (Devi et al, 2017; Parveen et al, 2017; Parwanayoni et al, 2019). Stem rot disease in soybean plants occurs more rapidly during the rainy season and causes crop failure. This disease is mainly caused by soil-borne fungi, namely Sclerotium rolfsii or Athelia rolfsii (Darvin, 2013; Doley & Jite, 2013; Adeleke, 2016). Symptoms of stem rot disease in legume plants include initially drooping of leaves close to the ground, while the branches become wilted and yellowish. The leaves slowly turn dark brown and sometimes fall from the plants prematurely, while the branches wither and turn dark brown, and the lower trunk adjacent to the ground is covered with white mycelium and sclerotia growth (Karthikeyan et al, 2015; Paul et al, 2017; Nugroho et al, 2019)
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