Isolation and Identification of Wild Yeast from Malaysian Grapevine and Evaluation of Their Potential Antimicrobial Activity against Grapevine Fungal Pathogens.

Simin Sabaghian,Lucia Vannini,Francesca Patrignani,Rosalba Lanciotti,Giacomo Braschi,Nurul Hidayah Samsulrizal

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9122582

Simin Sabaghian, Lucia Vannini + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122582

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Abstract

Pathogenic fungi belonging to the genera Botrytis, Phaeomoniella, Fusarium, Alternaria and Aspergillus are responsible for vines diseases that affect the growth, grapevine yield and organoleptic quality. Among innovative strategies for in-field plant disease control, one of the most promising is represented by biocontrol agents, including wild epiphytic yeast strains of grapevine berries. Twenty wild yeast, isolated and molecularly identified from three different Malaysian regions (Perlis, Perak and Pahang), were evaluated in a preliminary screening test on agar to select isolates with inhibition against Botrytis cinerea. On the basis of the results, nine yeasts belonging to genera Hanseniaspora, Starmerella, Metschnikowia, Candida were selected and then tested against five grape berry pathogens: Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus ochraceus, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora. Starmerella bacillaris FE08.05 and Metschnikowia pulcherrima GP8 and Hanseniaspora uvarum GM19 showed the highest effect on inhibiting mycelial growth, which ranged between 15.1 and 4.3 mm for the inhibition ring. The quantitative analysis of the volatile organic compound profiles highlighted the presence of isoamyl and phenylethyl alcohols and an overall higher presence of low-chain fatty acids and volatile ethyl esters. The results of this study suggest that antagonist yeasts, potentially effective for the biological control of pathogenic moulds, can be found among the epiphytic microbiota associated with grape berries.

Highlights

Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are commonly associated with a temperate climate, but over the past decades, a few varieties have been inbred or found to grow well in a tropical climate [1]
The uncontrolled proliferation of pathogenic fungi belonging to the genera Botrytis, Phaeomoniella, Fusarium, Alternaria and Aspergillus are responsible for vine diseases that affect plant growth, grapevine yield and organoleptic quality, causing economic losses [3]
All the sampling regions were characterized by the presence of Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Starmerella bacillaris and a strain belonging to the Hanseniaspora genus

Summary

Introduction

Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are commonly associated with a temperate climate, but over the past decades, a few varieties have been inbred or found to grow well in a tropical climate [1]. In Malaysia, V. vinifera grapes for commercial use are produced mainly in Perlis, Perak and Pahang provinces. In 2013, the cultivation area with grapevines was estimated to be 6.6 ha. A successful planting of grapevines will depend on several factors, including the use of greenhouse and pesticides, to protect the vines from rain and fungus outbreaks. The uncontrolled proliferation of pathogenic fungi belonging to the genera Botrytis, Phaeomoniella, Fusarium, Alternaria and Aspergillus are responsible for vine diseases that affect plant growth, grapevine yield and organoleptic quality, causing economic losses [3]. The uncontrolled proliferation of pathogenic fungi belonging to the genera Botrytis, Phaeomoniella, Fusarium, Alternaria and Aspergillus are responsible for vine diseases that affect plant growth, grapevine yield and organoleptic quality, causing economic losses [3]. 4.0/).

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