Abstract
Pogostemon cablin (patchouli), an important medicinal and aromatic plant, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine as well as in perfume industry. Patchouli plants are susceptible to bacterial wilt disease, which causes significant economic losses by reduction in yield and quality of the plant products. However, few studies focus on the pathogens causing bacterial wilt on patchouli. In this study, strain Pa82 was isolated from diseased patchouli plants with typical bacterial wilt symptoms in Guangdong province, China, and was confirmed to be a highly virulent pathogen of patchouli bacterial wilt. Comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain was closely related to Kosakonia sp. CCTCC M2018092 (99.9% similarity) and Kosakonia cowanii Esp_Z (99.8% similarity). Moreover, phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain was affiliated with genus Kosakonia. Further, the whole genome of strain Pa82 was sequenced, and the sequences were assembled and annotated. The complete genome of the strain consists of one chromosome and three plasmids. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain belongs to Kosakonia cowanii (designated Kosakonia cowanii Pa82). Virulence-related genes of the strain involved in adherence, biofilm formation, endotoxin and other virulence factors were predicted. Among them, vgrG gene that encodes one of the type VI secretion system components was functionally validated as a virulence factor in Kosakonia cowanii Pa82 through construction of Tn5 insertion mutants and identification of mutant defective in virulence.
Highlights
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., a herbaceous plant species belonging to family Lamiaceae, is well known for its medicinal and aromatic properties
Strain Pa82 was isolated from diseased patchouli plants with typical bacterial wilt symptoms in Guangdong province, China, and was confirmed to be a highly virulent pathogen of patchouli bacterial wilt
The genus Kosakonia has been recently derived from reclassification of genus Enterobacter, and several species, including Enterobacter arachidis, Enterobacter cowanii, Enterobacter oryzae, Enterobacter radicincitans, previously included in genus Enterobacter have been transferred to the novel genus Kosakonia (Brady et al, 2013)
Summary
Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (patchouli), a herbaceous plant species belonging to family Lamiaceae, is well known for its medicinal and aromatic properties. (patchouli), a herbaceous plant species belonging to family Lamiaceae, is well known for its medicinal and aromatic properties. Patchouli is an economically important aromatic plant producing essential oil, which is widely used in fragrance and cosmetic industries (Chen et al, 2013). Patchouli plants are susceptible to bacterial wilt disease, which causes significant economic losses by reduction in yield and quality of the plant products. Bacterial wilt is a devastating soilborne disease that is widely distributed in tropical, subtropical, and some temperate regions, affecting hundreds of plant species, the crops of family Solanaceae. Ralstonia solanacearum is known to be the most prominent causal agent of bacterial wilt worldwide, infecting a wide range of hosts, including solanaceous and nonsolanaceous plants (Peeters et al, 2013; Jiang et al, 2017). Other causal organisms such as members of genus Enterobacter, genus Erwinia and genus Kosakonia have been reported to cause similar symptoms of bacterial wilt (Wang et al, 2008; Zhu et al, 2010; Sanogo et al, 2011; Sarkar and Chaudhuri, 2015)
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