Abstract
Stem cells are commonly classified based on the developmental stage from which they are isolated, although this has been a source of debate amongst stem cell scientists. A common approach classifies stem cells into three different groupings: Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Umbilical Cord Stem Cells (UCBSCs) and Adult Stem Cells (ASCs), which include stem cells from bone marrow (BM), fat tissue (FT), engineered induced pluripotent (IP) and peripheral blood (PB). By definition stem cells are progenitor cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation hypothetically “ab infinitum” into more specialized cells and tissue. The main intent of this study was to determine and characterize the different sub-groups of stem cells present within the human PB-SCs that may represent a valid opportunity in the field of clinical regenerative medicine. Stem cells in the isolated mononucleated cells were characterized using a multidisciplinary approach that was based on morphology, the expression of stem cell markers by flowcytometry and fluorescence analysis, RT-PCR and the capacity to self-renew or proliferate and differentiate into specialized cells. This approach was used to identify the expression of hematopoietic, mesenchymal, embryonic and neural stem cell markers. Both isolated adherent and suspension mononucleated cells were able to maintain their stem cell properties during in-vitro culture by holding their capacity for proliferation and differentiation into osteoblast cells, respectively, when exposed to the appropriate induction medium.
Highlights
Stem cells are uncommitted cells with the ability of self-renewing, differentiating and regenerating or with the ability to reconstruct any tissue within in vivo environment [1]
Human periheral blood mononucleated cells consisted of miscellaneous undifferentiated sub-sets of stem cells composed of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), NSCs embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their progenitors, along with leukocytes, dendric cells and macrophages
It was established the expression of pluripotent markers such as Oct4, Sox2, OCN, Nestin, Nanog and DMP and together with these data, our results showed that the outgrowth of hPB SCs included type of cells present in the whole collection and the cell density for seeding probably influenced the clone formation; sparsely distributed cells were not observed after 7 days of culture
Summary
Stem cells are uncommitted cells with the ability of self-renewing, differentiating and regenerating or with the ability to reconstruct any tissue within in vivo environment [1]. MSCs are stem cells of stromal origin characterized by their multipotency with the ability to self-renew [2] [3] and differentiate to diverse cell phenotypes such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, fibroblasts, tenocytes [4] [5], hepatocytes, neural cells and/or epithelial cells [6]. Due to their crucial regenerative, reparative, angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs have generated increased interest in a variety of biomedical disciplines and several areas of experimental and clinical applications [2]. There is no need for a prolonged culture in vitro and they are able to differentiate to diverse cell phenotypes as their counterpart from other sources [13]
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