Abstract
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill, 2n = 2× = 24, Rhamnaceae) is an economically important Chinese native species. It has high nutritional value, and its medicinal properties have led to extensive use in traditional oriental medicine. The characterization of genotypes using molecular markers is important for genetic studies and plant breeding. However, few simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are available for this species. In this study, 1,488 unique SSR clones were isolated from Z. jujuba ‘Dongzao’ using enriched genomic libraries coupled with a three-primer colony PCR screening strategy, yielding a high enrichment rate of 73.3%. Finally, 1,188 (80.87%) primer pairs were amplified successfully in the size expected for ‘Dongzao’. A total of 350 primer pairs were further selected and evaluated for their ability to detect polymorphisms across a panel of six diverse cultivars; among these, 301 primer pairs detected polymorphisms, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) value across all loci ranged from 0.15 to 0.82, with an average of 0.52. An analysis of 76 major cultivars employed in Chinese jujube production using 31 primer pairs revealed comparatively high genetic diversity among these cultivars. Within-population differences among individuals accounted for 98.2% of the observed genetic variation. Neighbor-joining clustering divided the cultivars into three main groups, none of which correspond to major geographic regions, suggesting that the genetics and geographical origin of modern Chinese jujube cultivars might not be linked. The current work firstly reports the large-scale development of Chinese jujube SSR markers. The development of these markers and their polymorphic information represent a significant improvement in the available Chinese jujube genomic resources and will facilitate both genetic and breeding applications, further accelerating the development of new cultivars.
Highlights
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill, 2n = 26= 24, Rhamnaceae) is an economically important Chinese native species
Neighbor-joining clustering divided the cultivars into three main groups, none of which correspond to major geographic regions, suggesting that the genetics and geographical origin of modern Chinese jujube cultivars might not be linked
Various types of molecular markers have been developed since the advent of RFLP technology; simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been the principal markers utilized in plant genetic analysis and marker-assisted breeding [24,25]
Summary
Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill, 2n = 26= 24, Rhamnaceae) is an economically important Chinese native species. Its fruit has a high nutritional value because it contains high levels of vitamin C, abundant phenolic compounds, high carbohydrate and mineral ( potassium and iron) content, and the highest level of cyclic AMP among higher plants [2,3]. It can be consumed as fresh, dried or processed fruit. The use of traditional SSR-enriched libraries remains one of the methods of choice for the development of largescale SSR markers for less-studied species [18,22]
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