Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from local agricultural residues, rice husk (RH). RH undergone alkaline, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments. Nitric acid was used in the hydrolysis process as a potential acid to replace strong acids such as hydrochloric and sulphuric acids. Hydrolysis of RH was carried out by using different molarity of nitric and hydrochloric acids (control). The properties of MCC obtained such as % yield, crystallinity index (CrI) and functional group present were studied. % yield shown a comparable result regardless of different acid used. Whilst Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the progressive removal of non-cellulosic constituents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystallinity increased with successive treatments regardless different molarity and acids used. The results showed potential of nitric acid to be used in MCC isolation process.
Highlights
A lot of rice husk (RH) is generated during the milling process in rice milling industries. 78% of the paddy is received as bran, broken rice and rice
Cellulose is one of the biodegradable and renewable structural plant polymer which can be processed into whisker-like micro fibrils, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and many more [4,5]
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) has been successfully isolated from RH using chemical treatments involving alkali, bleaching and acid hydrolysis treatments
Summary
A lot of rice husk (RH) is generated during the milling process in rice milling industries. 78% of the paddy is received as bran, broken rice and rice. A lot of rice husk (RH) is generated during the milling process in rice milling industries. Cellulose is one of the biodegradable and renewable structural plant polymer which can be processed into whisker-like micro fibrils, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and many more [4,5]. It can be obtained from agricultural by-products such as cotton fiber, kenaf, hemp, corn stalk, bagasse and RH. The significance of this research is to encourage the utilization of MCC isolated from RH in composite preparation via acid hydrolysis using HNO3 in comparison with HCl
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