Abstract
BackgroundAlbizia coriaria Welw ex. Oliver (A. coriaria) is one of the treasured medicinal plants in Africa. In continuity of our study verifying the claim of using its leaves for managing bacterial diseases and oxidative stress-mediated complications in Ugandan traditional phytomedicine, we characterized its most active (ethanolic) extract using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, column chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.ResultsUV–Vis absorption peaks occurred between 338 and 664 nm, which indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. FTIR spectrum of the extract indicated the presence of O–H, C=O and aromatic–C=C which confirmed the presence of alcohols, carboxylic acids and aromatics in the extract. Four known bioactive triterpenoids: lupeol (1), lupenone (2), betulinic acid (3), betulin (4) along with an aromatic alcohol: benzyl alcohol (5) were tentatively identified in different fractions of A. coriaria ethanolic leaf extract. Compound 4 was identified for the first time in this species.ConclusionsAll the compounds identified in the fractions of the A. coriaria ethanolic leaf extract have reported pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This supports the traditional use of A. coriaria leaves in the management of oxidative stress-mediated conditions and bacterial diseases in Uganda.
Highlights
IntroductionOliver), a member of this genus, is one of the treasured medicinal plants in Africa
Compounds isolated and identified in fractions of ethanolic extract of A. coriaria leaves Fractions 4–9 eluted with hexane/ethyl acetate (9:1) afforded colourless crystals, which were analysed by GC– MS and found to contain lupeol (1)
These groups of compounds identified by UV–Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy agreed with the secondary metabolites previously identified by classical phytochemical screening (Omara et al 2021b)
Summary
Oliver), a member of this genus, is one of the treasured medicinal plants in Africa This fact is attested to by its name being available in various African languages as well as its high frequency of citation in ethnobotanical surveys (Omara et al 2021a). The molluscicidal, antimicrobial, antitumor, antigiardial, antiplasmodial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the stem bark, leaves, flowers and roots of A. coriaria have been previously reported (Akanga 2008; Byamukama et al 2015; India 2015; Johns et al 1995; Kama-Kama et al 2016; Luvonga 2007; Mengesha et al 1997; Muthaura et al 2015; Nalubega et al 2011; Note et al 2009; Olila et al 2007; Omara et al 2021b, 2022; Schultz et al 2020b, 2021a). The aim of this study was to characterize the most active (ethanolic) extract of A. coriaria leaves drawn from Mbarara district of Uganda to establish the compounds responsible for its antioxidant and antibacterial bioactivities
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