Isolation and Characterisation of Andrographolide from Andrographispaniculata (Burm. F) Wall. Ex Nees and Its Total Flavonoid Effects from Kemaman, Malaysia

Abstract

Background: Many medicinal plants have wide range of applications from food and aesthetic materials to pharmacological effect on various disease conditions. Traditionally, these plantshave been used to treat many diseases including diabetes, inflammation, upper respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea either in single or combined form with other plant parts or materials. Objective: This study investigated the isolation and characterisation of andrographolide from Andrographispaniculata (Burm. f) Wall. ex Nees. Methodology: The isolation of the constituents was done using column total flavonoid conducted while the analysis was done using ultraviolet, infrared spectrum analysis (UV, IR), melting point and elemental analysis. Also, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) of the isolated compound was performed using different equipment. Results: Although, the total flavonoid content was low, ethyl acetate extract indicated the highest total flavonoids content and it’s statistically different from methanol, ethanol: water (1:1 v/v) and aqueous extracts. The compound obtained is colorless solid with melting point range of 228oC-238oC. This was further supported by 13C NMR spectral analysis, which displayed 20 signals for all carbon atoms and is like standard compound Andrographolide. Also, the ultraviolet analysis suggesting α, β-unsaturated lactone ring similar andrographolide while the elemental analysis shows the different elements present. Conclusion: Different extracts of A. paniculata exhibit multiple pharmacological effects. However, due to the much similarities with the isolated compound and Andrographolide the compound is suggested to be Andrographolide.