Abstract
The Muslim period in Sicily is typically dated from 827 to about 1061, but Muslims were active on the island before and after those dates, and the influence of Islamicate arts, architecture, and scholarship continued long after the last Muslim minorities were deported from the island in the thirteenth century. In the modern period, Sicily regularly receives boats filled with migrants from Muslim-majority countries, many of which sail from Libya or Tunisia across the relatively short (but still dangerous) Strait of Sicily. Islam is now the second largest religion in Italy, with a population estimated at around 3 million people, or nearly 5 percent of Italy’s total population (as of 2022). Current debates in Italy about the roles of Muslims within Italian society have focused on the presence of mosques in urban landscapes, the integration of migrants from Muslim-majority countries into Italian society, and the rise of Islamophobic rhetoric among politicians, writers, and the general population.
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