Abstract
Ischemic optic neuropathy is one of the major causes of impaired vision. It is of three types: nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), arteritic AION, and posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) – three very distinct clinical entities, each having different pathogenesis, clinical features, prognosis, and management. Nonarteritic AION is due to hypoperfusion or nonperfusion of the optic nerve head. Arteritic AION is due to giant cell arteritis (GCA). PION can be of the nonarteritic, arteritic, or surgical type. Systemic corticosteroid therapy is beneficial in all three types of ischemic optic neuropathy. GCA, responsible for arteritic AION, is an ophthalmic emergency, in which visual loss can be prevented by urgent diagnosis and adequate steroid therapy.
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