Abstract
This chapter discusses the diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), arteritic AION, posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION), perioperative ischemic optic neuropathy, and radiation optic neuropathy. Ischemic optic neuropathies (IONs) are the most common acute optic neuropathies in patients older than 50 years. The term “ischemic optic neuropathy” is used as a general term to refer to all presumed ischemic causes of optic neuropathy. Depending on the segment of optic nerve affected, they are divided into anterior and posterior IONs. Optic disc edema from ischemia to the anterior nerve is, by definition, present in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy AION and absent in PION. AION is much more common than PION, accounting for 90% of cases of optic nerve ischemia. IONs can also be divided into nonarteritic and arteritic etiologies. Arteritic ION, classically resulting from giant cell arteritis, is an ophthalmologic emergency, requiring prompt recognition and treatment to prevent devastating blindness.
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