Is there an association between urban greenness and air pollution annoyance?

Abstract

Background Apart from its physical effects air pollution might exert psychological stress effect on health. Based on the limited evidence about the symbolic value of urban greenness in traffic perception and a small body of research indicating that greenness might abate the negative perception of noise pollution, we hypothesized that it could also reduce air pollution annoyance. Aim We aimed to test this hypothesis and determine whether greenness could buffer the annoyance reaction to air pollution. Material and methods In a sample of 508 residents of Plovdiv, Bulgaria we investigated the interplay between objective and perceived air pollution exposure, annoyance, and several indicators of urban greenness, using path models. Results Results showed that women living closer to a green space reported lower perceived air pollution exposure and through it - lower annoyance. This indirect path was driving the total effect and perceived air pollution acted as a full mediator. Among men there was no effect. With respect to perceived greenness, no effects on air pollution annoyance were found. Conclusion In conclusion, urban green spaces might act as a buffer for the psychological stress effect of air pollution. Nonetheless, at this formative stage of research the evidence is tentative.