Abstract
This review examines the risk of developing celiac disease (CD) and other autoimmune diseases in individuals receiving the rotavirus (RV) vaccine compared to the normal population. Celiac disease is a malabsorptive, chronic, immune-mediated enteropathy involving the small intestine. The pathogenesis of CD is multifactorial, and mucosal immunity plays an important role in its development. Low mucosal IgA levels significantly increase the risk of developing the disease. Rotavirus is an infectious agent that causes diarrhea, particularly in children aged 0–24 months, and is frequently involved in diarrhea-related deaths in these children. An oral vaccine against RV has been developed. While it is effective on RV infection, it also contributes to increasing mucosal immunity. Studies have indicated that individuals immunized with the RV vaccine are at lower risk of developing CD than unvaccinated individuals. In addition, the mean age for developing CD autoimmunity may be higher in the vaccinated group than in controls receiving placebo. Additional studies that include children immunized with different RV vaccines and unvaccinated children would provide more meaningful results. Although current data suggest a possible association of RV vaccination with a reduced risk of developing CD and other autoimmune diseases, this remains an unanswered question that merits greater international investigation.
Highlights
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine driven by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals.[1]
Future studies should concentrate on different populations, countries, and RV vaccine types to more accurately evaluate the effect of vaccination on CD
This review has examined the effects of RV vaccine on the risk of developing CD and other autoimmune diseases
Summary
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine driven by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals.[1]. Rotavirus (RV) is a double-stranded RNA virus from the Reoviridae family and is the most common cause of diarrhea observed in children in the 0–24month age group.[3] Oral vaccine applications against RV only became available in 2006. Administered orally, vaccination should be completed before children are 8 months of age.[4] These vaccines are aimed at stimulating mucosal immunity as well as systemic responses.[5] These may induce protective immunity against various infectious agents such as RV but may pave the way for the development of new prophylactic and therapeutic ways to control or alleviate the severity of autoimmune diseases in humans.[5]. This review discusses the possible effects of orally administered RV vaccine on the risk of developing CD and other autoimmune diseases
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