Is the hyperpnea of muscular contractions critically dependent on spinal afferents?

Abstract

We studied the role of spinal afferent pathways in the hyperpnea of electrically induced muscle contractions (ExE). The ventilatory (VE) and arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) responses were measured at rest and during two levels of ExE in awake human paraplegic subjects with clinically complete lesions of the spinal cord (range T4-T11). We hypothesized that if peripheral neural drive is critical to a normal ventilatory response, then ExE in the absence of intact pathways should cause a lower ventilatory response resulting in hypercapnia at the onset of ExE. ExE was induced by stimulation of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles that approximately doubled the resting level of CO2 production (VCO2). PaCO2 during work transitions and in the latter stages of ExE did not differ significantly from that at rest. Arterial pH progressively declined over time during ExE (P less than 0.01) as a result of increased lactate concentration (P less than 0.01). The linear relationship between VE and VCO2 was similar to that found for normal human subjects during ExE (P = 0.73). These data suggest that VE and presumably alveolar ventilation (VA) can be appropriately matched to VCO2 during low-intensity muscle contractions of the lower extremities in the absence of intact spinal afferent pathways. Moreover, since it is unlikely that postulated "central command" mechanisms were initiated during ExE in these paraplegic subjects, the data provide support for our previous conclusion that central command is not obligatory for matching VA to VCO2 (J. Appl. Physiol. 64: 218-225, 1988).