Is periodontal inflamed surface area associated with serum and salivary levels of IL-1β, visfatin, and omentin-1 in overweight/obese patients?

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of salivary and serum interleukin (IL)-1β, visfatin, and omentin-1 in the relationship between periodontal disease and overweight/obesity as well as to reveal the possible role of periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) in this association. Ninety-six individuals (69 females, 27 males) were divided into 4 groups as systemically healthy (H) and non-periodontitis (HnP, n = 23), systemically healthy and periodontitis (HP, n = 24), overweight/obese (O) and non-periodontitis (OnP, n = 25), and overweight/obese and periodontitis (OP, n = 24). Periodontal parameters were measured, and PISA was calculated. IL-1β, visfatin, and omentin-1 levels in saliva and serum samples were analysed. Periodontal parameters deteriorated, salivary and serum IL-1β and visfatin levels were increased, and omentin-1 levels were decreased in OnP and OP groups, compared to HnP and HP groups. Salivary and serum IL-1β and visfatin levels were increased and omentin-1 levels were decreased in periodontitis groups, compared to HnP and OnP groups. PISA was negatively correlated with salivary omentin-1 and positively correlated with salivary and serum visfatin in H and O groups, whereas a positive relationship was found between PISA and salivary and serum IL-1β in H group. PISA may be negatively associated with salivary omentin-1, while positively correlated with salivary and serum visfatin in overweight/obese patients. Co-evaluation of PISA and adipokines seems to be an innovative approach to evaluate the association between periodontitis and overweight/obesity.