Insulin-Sensitizing Effect of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma Agonist on Serum Visfatin Levels in High Fat Diet Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

The aim of the study was to find the correlation between serum visfatin, glucose and insulin homeostasis in high fat diet (HFD) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study also focuses on the insulin sensitizing effects of peroxisomes proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation via agonist (rosiglitazone) in the regulation of serum visfatin levels. The study was performed in Wistar rats (180–220 g), categorized into five groups. Group 1: Control animals remain fed on a normal rat diet, Group 2: HFD-fed group, Group 3: HFD treated group, treated with rosiglitazone (RSG) for 7 days, Group 4: T2DM group and Group 5: T2DM treated group, treated with rosiglitazone for 7 days. The experimental model of T2DM was developed by feeding rats with HFD for 8 weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (i.p. 35 mg/ml/kg body weight). Anthropometric parameters, blood glucose, serum visfatin and insulin level, insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and QUICKI) were estimated. The correlation between visfatin levels and insulin resistance in all groups were also investigated. Hyperglycaemia in HFD-induced T2DM elevated the serum insulin and visfatin levels. Increased insulin resistance was also observed in HFD fed and T2DM rats. Administration of rosiglitazone significantly decreases the insulin resistance by increasing the insulin sensitivity and decreased serum visfatin in HFD and T2DM rats. In conclusion increased serum visfatin levels in HFD and T2DM are a probable early diagnostic biomarker for diabetic complications. That could be reversed by insulin sensitization to improve endothelial function in T2DM patients in future.