Abstract
The transition of the transportation sector from internal combustion engine vehicles to battery electric vehicles (EVs) will heavily increase the energy demand on the network, causing severe techno-economic problems. To solve these issues, advanced charging strategies were proposed to reduce the EVs' charging impact on the network. The problem arises when all EV-owners decide to fully charge their EVs at night even if they might not use the total charged energy the next day. Hence, even with the presence of advanced charging and control strategies, the problem of high penetration level of EVs might not be completely solved without the positive participation of the EV-owners. Some questions can be asked and need answers. Is it necessary to fully charge all EVs at night? What happens if fully charging the EVs is delayed to the next day? To answer these questions, this paper studies the impact of charging EVs to different State of Charge (SOC) levels on the network. Since controlling the charging of all EVs is difficult, a three-level charging strategy is developed that suggests the SOC threshold-limit for each EV, which guarantees the network's operation within its maximum limits even with a 100% penetration level of EVs charging simultaneously.
Highlights
This paper presents the impact of charging Electric Vehicles (EVs) to different State of Charge (SOC) levels on the distribution network
It was observed that if EVs are charged at a SOC > 0.778, the voltage drops on the nodes of the network start to exceed the recommended limits, which might trigger the stability of the network
In order to satisfy both end-users and the distribution system operator (DSO), we propose an algorithm that calculates the SOC threshold limits for each EV, taking into account the constraints of the network and many other factors such as the priorities of the EV owners and their desired final SOC levels
Summary
This is due to the fact that EV-owners try to benefit from the low electricity price to fully charge their EVs even if they do not really need the additional charged energy, which make the problems worsen on the distribution transformer and the network It is important for the end-users to know exactly their energy needs and to which SOC level they should charge their EVs in a way to minimize the negative impact on the network. Charging process in order to respect the networks’ limits? This question is answered
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