Abstract
Background/Aim: Dental implants are a reliable treatment choice for rehabilitation of healthy patients as well as subjects with several systemic conditions. Patients with oral mucosal diseases often exhibit oral mucosal fragility and dryness, erosions, blisters, ulcers or microstomia that complicate the use of removable dentures and emphasize the need for dental implants. The aim of the current study is to review the pertinent literature regarding the dental implantation prospects for patients with oral mucosal diseases. Material and Method: The English literature was searched through PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases with key words: dental implants, oral mucosal diseases, oral lichen planus (OLP), epidermolysis bullosa (EB), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), cicatricial pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, scleroderma/systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, leukoplakia, oral potentially malignant disorders, oral premalignant lesions, oral cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Results: Literature review revealed dental implantation in patients with OLP (14 articles), EB (11 articles), pemphigus vulgaris (1 article), SS (14 articles), systemic sclerosis (11 articles), systemic lupus erythematosus (3 articles) and oral SCC development associated with leukoplakia (5 articles). No articles regarding dental implants in patients with pemphigoid or leukoplakia without SCC development were identified. Most articles were case-reports, while only a few retrospective, prospective or observational studies were identified. Conclusions: Dental implants represent an acceptable treatment option with a high success rate in patients with chronic mucocutaneous and autoimmune diseases with oral manifestations, such as OLP, SS, EB and systemic sclerosis. Patients with oral possibly malignant disorders should be closely monitored to rule out the development of periimplant malignancy. Further studies with long follow-up, clinical and radiographic dental data are required to predict with accuracy the outcome of dental implants in patients with oral mucosal diseases.
Highlights
Dental implants are a reliable treatment choice for rehabilitation of partially or completely edentulous patients[1]
PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched in April 2017 with the following key words: dental implants, oral mucosal diseases, oral lichen planus (OLP), epidermolysis bullosa (EB), s syndrome (SS), cicatricial pemphigoid, bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, scleroderma/ systemic sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, leukoplakia, oral premalignant lesions, oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
The literature review yielded 50 studies with regards to dental implants in patients with oral mucosal diseases; in particular, 14 studies referred to OLP13,17-29, 11 studies to EB15,30-39, 1 study to pemphigus vulgaris[40, 14] studies to SS11-14,21,41-49, 11 studies to systemic sclerosis[13,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57, 3] studies to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)1429,44 and 5 studies to oral SCC development associated with leukoplakia[27,58,59,60,61]
Summary
Dental implants are a reliable treatment choice for rehabilitation of partially or completely edentulous patients[1]. On the basis of the implant failure factors that have been proposed, i.e. clinical or/and radiographic findings that require implant extraction- pain or mobility during clinical examination or periimplant radiolucency in dental x-rays[2], the success rate of dental implantation surpasses 90% during a 10-year-observation period[3]. This high success rate generally refers to subjects with unremarkable medical history. Nowadays, the spectrum of indications for dental implants in medically compromised patients has undergone many modifications and has been widened
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