Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and specifically omega3 have been shown to exert a potent protecting effect on both cardiac and neuronal functions. Rapeseed oil contains 9% of alphalinolenic acid (18-3n-3, ALA), whereas corn and sunflower oils (18:2n-6, linoleic acid rich) do not. The aim of the present study was to compare in mice the putative protective effects of ALA, by testing two chronic diets containing either rapeseed oil (ALA rich) or a corn/sunflower blend (devoided of ALA) using an epilepsy model, allowing the detection of neurotoxic or neuroprotective activities: the MDDAS test (Magnesium Deficiency-Dependent Audiogenic Seizure test). After a 30 day-Mg-deprivation period, neuronal hyperexcitability appeared only in the corn/sunflower fed group, suggesting a protecting effect of the rapeseed oil. The number of convulsive mice was twice reduced in the rapeseed group and all of them recovered whereas in the corn/sunflower group all the mice had seizures and 43% died. The pattern of seizures with the rapeseed diet showed an increase in the first two step durations (latency and wild running), and a non significant slight decrease in the third (convulsions) and the fourth (recovery) ones. These results suggest a GABAergic-like effect. The increases in the first 2 phases were also indicative of a likely effect on Na+ channels, which was also observed using the maximum electroshock seizure test. These preliminary results indicate that adapted chronic dietary intake of rapeseed oil, an ALA rich monounsaturated oil, could help to control neuronal disorders as here shown in our model of magnesium-deficient mice.
Highlights
In the last decade, different in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and omega3 on cardiac and neuronal excitability
In the Maximun ElecroShock test (MES) test, the mean intensity responsible for a tonic seizure in 50% of the mice was slightly higher in the rapeseed group (4.5 mA) than in the corn/sunflower group (4 mA, NS)
In the MDDAS test, the mice did not respond in the same way, depending on their diet: (i) the number of convulsive mice was lower in the rapeseed group (50%) as compared to the corn/sunflower group (100%)
Summary
Different in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and omega on cardiac and neuronal excitability. This protective effect may be of clinical relevance in the prevention of both cardiovascular and brain dysfunctions including epileptic seizures [1, 2]. The aim of the present paper was to study whether dietary rapeseed oil could be of interest against audiogenic seizures in magnesiumdeficient mice (MDDAS test: Magnesium Deficiency-Dependent Audiogenic Seizure test) This test is a pluripotent model of epilepsy allowing the detection of neurotoxic or neuroprotective activities. Neuroprotective treatments using various anti epileptic drugs showed different patterns according to their main mechanism of action, either phenitoinergic or GABAergic, antioxidative or anti-inflammatory [7]
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