Abstract
Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and periodontitis are both chronic inflammatory disorders which are highly prevalent in populations. Bacteria involved in the periodontal disease have been found to be cardiovascular risk markers. Periodontal pathogens may contribute to the atheroma pathogenesis. Severe periodontitis is correlated with the prevalence of bacteraemia, and poor periodontal status is an important risk factor for CVD. However, the association is unclear. If the association is causal, the periodontal therapy will lead to an attenuation of the effects on CVD. The study aimed to study if the periodontal intervention therapy presented therapeutic effects on CVD. Methods: English language literature on periodontal intervention therapy on CVD is causal or not. The literature revealed 62 papers associated with this study to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and CVD. Results: The literature supported the idea that periodontal infections had been associated with CVD. Certain periodontal therapy is associated with bacteraemia, and the prevalence of bacteraemia may arise from periodontal therapy and poor oral hygiene practices. Periodontal therapy not only presented therapeutic effects by reducing cytokine activity and C-response protein (CRP), but also caused bacteraemia transitorily. Effective antibiotic prophylaxis pre- or post-periodontal therapy presented some beneficial effects on bacteraemia or CVD. Conclusion: Severe periodontitis causes systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and goes beyond the oral cavity. Periodontal intervention would contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis, and antibiotic prophylaxis would be helpful to decrease bacteraemia and reduce the onset of CVD.
Highlights
Certain periodontal therapy is associated with bacteraemia, and the prevalence of bacteraemia may arise from periodontal therapy and poor oral hygiene practices
This study focuses on the effects of periodontal therapy and antibiotic prophylaxis on Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
This paper found that periodontal intervention can reduce the incidence rate and severity of CVD
Summary
Animal study. 8 male mouse injected Aa, 6 cases injected PBS. Experimental MI induced by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Periodontal bacteria, may play an important role in the development of various vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and varicose veins, through bacteremia. Total bacterial and periodontopathic bacterial DNA found in 94.9% and 92.3% respectively, of atheromatous plaques from periodontitis patients, and in 80.0% and 20.0%, of atherosclerotic tissues from periodontally healthy subjects. DNA represented 47.3% of total bacterial DNA obtained from periodontitis patients. Periodontopathic bacteria in coronary lesions are not coincidental and that they may contribute to the development of vascular diseases. Smoking was more common among acute MI, and had lower concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher serum concentrations of triglycerides and C peptide than the controls. Dental health was significantly worse in patients with acute MI than in controls. Periodontal disease and dental caries is more common among patients with acute MI than controls. Periodontal pathogens may increase the risk of CVD through mechanisms such as platelet activation and aggregation [25]
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