Abstract
Microbial transformations in flooded soils differ significantly from those in aerated upland soils. In a fertile upland soil about 50 per cent of the total volume consists of pores. More than one third of the pore volume is filled with air, the other part contains water. These soil conditions are most suitable for root development of upland crops. The presence of oxygen and the predominance of oxidation processes are characteristic for microbial transformation in upland soils. When the air is expelled by flooding, the environment of soil organisms changes drastically. As the diffusion of oxygen in water is very low, aerobic microorganisms rapidly exhaust oxygen from the soil solution. After oxygen has been consumed, facultative anaerobes may thrive subsequently which are later followed by strictly anaerobic organisms.
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