Iron Deficiency: A Reflection on Prevention

Abstract

Iron deficiency is the main nutritional deficiency in the first years of life. In Brazil, studies show a prevalence of 10.1% to 40%, depending on the study. Worldwide, in low-income countries, the statistics are higher, as in India iron deficiency is 53%. The aim of this article is to highlight the importance of breastfeeding and adequate substitution when this is not possible in order to prevent iron deficiency anemia. Discussion: Adequate nutrition begins at preconception, pregnancy and continues throughout life, especially during the first 1000 days and 2200 days. Exclusive breastfeeding for up to 6 months and supplemented breastfeeding for up to 2 years or more is essential, as is the mother’s iron intake. In cases where breastfeeding is not possible, priority should be given to the use of dairy products that contain nutrients as close as possible to breast milk. In lower-income countries, cow’s milk is still widely used as a substitute for human milk. However, this can result in nutritional deficiencies and other health implications for infants. Inadequate infant feeding and the risk of nutritional deficiencies should be carefully assessed by health professionals. Thus, the choice of the best food allows for the full growth and development of the child as well as the prevention of iron deficiency.